Which of the following are elements of "self-defense" according to the Penal Code?

Self-defense is a legal concept that allows a person to use reasonable force to protect themselves from imminent harm. The key elements of self-defense, as outlined in various Penal Code provisions, include the belief that there is an imminent threat and the use of a proportional response to that threat.

In this case, the correct choice highlights two main components: the individual's genuine belief in an imminent threat and the requirement that any response must be proportional to the level of threat faced. This means that the response should not exceed what is necessary to protect oneself from the perceived danger. For example, if someone is attacked, they may defend themselves, but the force they use must be reasonable compared to the aggression they are facing.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of self-defense. For instance, using unjustifiable force against an aggressor does not relate to the principles of self-defense because self-defense requires that the force be justified under the circumstances. Unnecessary force and delayed response contradict the concept, as self-defense must be immediate and proportional to the threat. Lastly, using force merely to scare does not meet the legal criterion for self-defense since it does not focus on protecting oneself from imminent harm but rather on intimidation, which is not legally permissible as a defense.